L7805CV IC: Pinout, Features, Datasheet and Application

The L7805CV voltage regulator IC stands as a cornerstone in the realm of electronics, revered for its unwavering ability to deliver a stable 5-volt output across a myriad of applications. From powering microcontrollers to facilitating local on-card regulation, this versatile IC, offered in various package options, embodies reliability and adaptability. With robust protection mechanisms and internal circuitry designed for optimal performance, the L7805CV continues to serve as a linchpin in electronic circuit design, catering to the diverse needs of engineers and hobbyists alike.

 

L7805CV IC check with multimeter

 

What is L7805CV Voltage Regulator IC

The L7805CV is a highly versatile three-terminal linear voltage regulator integrated circuit (IC) renowned for its fixed 5-volt output, suitable for a wide range of applications across the electronics industry. Offered in various package options such as TO-220, SOT-223, TO-263, and TO-3, it offers flexibility in design implementation.

Known for its local on-card regulation capability, the L7805CV effectively addresses distribution challenges associated with single-point regulation. Equipped with internal current limiting, thermal shutdown, and safe area protection mechanisms, this IC boasts exceptional durability, rendering it virtually indestructible under normal operating conditions. With proper heat sinking, it can reliably deliver output currents surpassing 1 ampere.

 

Primarily designed as a fixed voltage regulator, the L7805CV is adaptable for applications requiring adjustable voltage and currents through the integration of external components.

 

Its nomenclature, "7805," symbolizes its characteristics - "78" indicating a positive voltage regulator, while "05" signifies a 5-volt output. Consequently, the L7805CV consistently provides a regulated +5V output voltage.

 

Despite its capacity to handle output currents up to 1.5 amperes, the IC experiences notable heat dissipation, necessitating the use of heat sinks, particularly in projects with higher current consumption. For instance, in scenarios where the input voltage is 12V and a current draw of 1A occurs, the IC dissipates heat equivalent to (12-5) * 1 = 7W, underscoring the importance of effective thermal management strategies.

 

L7805CV Pinout Description

 

Pin Configuration

 

Pin No.	Pin Name	Function	Description
1	INPUT	Input	Input voltage (7V-35V). Positive unregulated voltage is supplied to this pin for regulation.
2	GROUND	Ground	Ground (0V). This pin serves as the neutral connection, connected to the ground.
3	OUTPUT	Output	Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V). The regulated 5V output is obtained from this pin of the IC regulator.

 

Pin 1: INPUT (Vin)

The first pin, designated as "Vin" or the input pin, accepts the unregulated input voltage. It operates within a range of 7 to 35 volts, ensuring compatibility with various power sources. It's crucial to maintain an input voltage at least 2 volts higher than the desired output voltage (5 volts) for optimal performance.

 

Pin 2: GROUND (GND)

The second pin, labeled as "GND" or ground, establishes the common reference point for the circuit. It provides stability and acts as a reference potential for the regulator's operation, enhancing overall circuit performance.

 

Pin 3: OUTPUT (Vout)

The third pin, identified as "Vout" or the output pin, delivers the regulated output voltage of 5 volts. This pin connects to the positive supply rail of the circuit, ensuring a constant voltage supply for connected components, thereby safeguarding them against voltage fluctuations.

 

Understanding the distinct functions of each pin enables efficient utilization of the L7805CV voltage regulator IC in electronic circuits while ensuring stable power supply and protection against voltage irregularities. Additionally, implementing appropriate measures such as voltage limitations or heat sink installation mitigates the risk of regulator malfunction due to excessive heat dissipation.

 

L7805CV Specifications and Feautres

Specifications

• Type: Linear
• Mounting Style: Through Hole
• Number of Pins: 3
• Supply Voltage (DC): Maximum 35.0V
• Case/Package: TO-220-3
• Number of Outputs: 1
• Input Voltage (DC): Maximum 20.0V
• Output Voltage: 5V
• Output Current: 1.5A
• Supply Current: 8mA
• Number of Positions: 3
• Quiescent Current: 8mA
• Voltage Rating: 2V @ 1A
• Input Voltage Range: 10V (Min) to 35V (Max)
• Output Voltage Range: 5V (Min) to 5V (Max)
• Maximum Operating Temperature: 125°C
• Minimum Operating Temperature: 0°C
• Number of Output Channels: 1
• Supply Voltage Range: 8V (Min) to 20V (Max)

 

Features

• Output current: Up to 1.5 A.
• Output voltage options: 5V, 6V, 8V, 8.5V, 9V, 12V, 15V, 18V, and 24V.
• Thermal overload and short circuit protection.
• Output transition SOA protection.
• Tight output voltage tolerance: 2% (A version).
• Guaranteed performance in extended temperature ranges (A version).
• Input voltage range: 7V to 25V.
• Low operating current: 5mA.
• Maximum junction temperature: 125°C.
• Available in TO-220 and KTE packages.

 

Absolute Maximum Ratings

 

L7805CV: Application and Uses

Powering Microcontrollers:

The L7805CV regulates input voltage to provide a stable 5-volt supply for microcontrollers like Arduino boards, ensuring reliable operation.

 

Powering Integrated Circuits (ICs):

It maintains a constant voltage for various ICs such as operational amplifiers, sensors, and logic gates, preventing damage and ensuring consistent performance.

 

Battery Charger Circuits:

Employed in battery charger circuits to regulate charging voltage, protecting batteries from overcharging and extending their lifespan.

 

Audio Amplifiers:

Regulates voltage in audio amplifier circuits, ensuring high-quality sound output by stabilizing the power supply.

 

DIY Electronics Projects:

Provides regulated voltage for various DIY electronics projects, including robotics, home automation systems, and electronic gadgets.

 

Fixed-Output Regulator:

Used as a fixed-output regulator in circuits requiring a stable power source, ensuring consistent performance across different applications.

 

Package Information TO-220

How to Utilize the L7805CV Voltage Regulator Effectively?

 

Capacitor Selection:

Ensure proper stability by selecting the appropriate capacitors. A 0.33μF capacitor for the input and a 0.1μF capacitor for the output are recommended to minimize voltage ripples and enhance transient response.

 

Input Voltage Connection:

Connect the unregulated input voltage to Pin 1 (Vin) of the L7805CV, ensuring that the input voltage falls within the acceptable range of 7-35 volts.

 

Ground Connection:

Establish a solid ground connection by connecting Pin 2 (Ground) of the L7805CV to the common ground of your circuit.

 

Output Voltage Connection:

Connect Pin 3 (Output) of the L7805CV to the positive supply rail of your circuit to obtain a regulated 5-volt output.

 

Heat Dissipation Management:

Manage heat dissipation effectively, particularly when dealing with high currents, by employing a heat sink or ensuring proper ventilation to prevent overheating of the L7805CV.

 

L7805CV Voltage Regulator Related Circuit

Circuit 1

The 7805 IC features a sophisticated internal circuitry designed to regulate output voltage effectively. At its core lies a transistor (Q16) controlling current between input and output to manage output voltage. The bandgap reference maintains voltage stability.

 

Scaled output voltage serves as input for the bandgap reference, which produces an error signal indicating voltage deviations. This signal is amplified by an error amplifier (orange) to control the output transistor (Q15), closing a negative feedback loop that regulates output voltage.

 

A startup circuit provides initial current to prevent the bandgap circuit from remaining inactive. Additionally, protection circuits guard against overheating (Q13), excessive input voltage (Q19), and output current (Q14), preventing damage during faults.

 

The voltage divider scales down the output voltage for use by the bandgap reference. Overall, the 7805's integrated circuitry effectively utilizes feedback mechanisms to ensure precise voltage regulation, making it a reliable component in various electronic applications.

 

Circuit 2

The 7805 voltage regulator circuit is a commonly used configuration for providing a stable +5V output voltage. This circuit requires only two capacitors, a 33μF input capacitor and a 0.1μF output capacitor, to function effectively.

 

In this circuit, the 0.33μF input capacitor, typically ceramic, addresses input inductance issues, while the 0.1μF output capacitor, also ceramic, enhances circuit stability. Placing these capacitors close to the terminals is crucial for optimal performance. Additionally, the choice of ceramic capacitors is preferred due to their faster response compared to electrolytic capacitors.

 

Overall, this simple circuit provides a straightforward and efficient solution for regulating voltage, making it widely used in various electronic applications requiring a reliable +5V power supply.

 

Circuit 3

The 7805 IC can also serve as an adjustable output voltage regulator, allowing users to control the output voltage according to their desired value. In this circuit configuration, the input voltage can range from 9V to 25V, offering flexibility in power supply options.

 

By adjusting the values of resistors R1 and R2, users can modify the output voltage to meet specific requirements. The formula provided allows for precise calculation of resistor values based on the desired output voltage (Vxx) and the quiescent current (IQ).

 

This adjustable output voltage regulator circuit provides a versatile solution for applications where variable voltage output is necessary, offering customization and adaptability to diverse electronic projects.

 

Circuit 4

The L7805CV TO-220 3-terminal voltage regulator IC features built-in overcurrent, overvoltage, and overheat protection, ensuring reliable performance. With the capability to deliver more than 1A of output current, it accommodates various applications. Its high-temperature coefficient expands its versatility for diverse uses.

 

Utilizing local regulation, this IC minimizes noise effects and resolves dispersion issues associated with single-point regulation. Despite the accuracy of the output voltage error ranging between ±3 and ±5 percent, the IC remains a dependable choice for voltage regulation needs in electronic circuits.

 

L7805CV Equivalents and Alternatives

Voltage Regulator	Description
78L05	Low-current, three-terminal positive voltage regulator. Provides a fixed output voltage of 5 volts. Suitable for low-power applications.
78M05	Higher-current version of 78L05 voltage regulator. Capable of handling larger output currents. Offers fixed output voltage of 5 volts.
LT7805	Voltage regulator manufactured by Linear Technology. Similar functionality to L7805CV but may feature enhanced performance or additional protection features.
LM340-5	Series of three-terminal positive voltage regulators. Provides fixed output voltage of 5 volts. Compatible with TO-220 package.
LM2940	Low-dropout voltage regulator. Capable of providing fixed output voltage of 5 volts. Suitable for stable voltage regulation with minimal dropout voltage.

 

L7805ACV vs L7805CV: What  are  Differences

The L7805ACV and L7805CV are both three-terminal positive voltage regulators manufactured by STMicroelectronics, offering fixed output voltage of 5V and maximum output current of 1.5A. While they share similarities such as thermal overload and short circuit protection, they differ in package options, quiescent current, accuracy, dimensions, and other specifications.

 

Feature	L7805ACV	L7805CV
Package Options	TO-220, TO-220FP, D²PAK, DPAK	TO-220, SOT-223, TO-263, TO-3
Quiescent Current	6mA at 25°C	4.3mA
Accuracy	±2%	±3% to ±5%
Dropout Voltage	2V at 1A	2V at 1A
Dimensions	H: 9.15mm, L: 10.4mm, W: 4.6mm	Not provided
RoHS Compliance	RoHS3 compliant, lead-free	RoHS3 compliant, lead-free

 

Both regulators offer similar protection features and applications, but the L7805ACV provides more package options and slightly higher quiescent current and accuracy compared to the L7805CV.

 

Block Diagram

Schematic Diagram

 

Manufacturer

STMicroelectronics

STMicroelectronics is a multinational semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is commonly referred to as ST. The company designs, manufactures, and markets a wide range of semiconductor products, including integrated circuits (ICs), microcontrollers, sensors, and other electronic components.

 

STMicroelectronics serves various industries, including automotive, industrial, consumer electronics, and communications. Its products are used in a wide array of applications, such as automotive systems, smartphones, smart appliances, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and more.

 

Founded in 1987 through the merger of SGS Microelettronica (Italy) and Thomson Semiconducteurs (France), STMicroelectronics has grown to become one of the largest semiconductor companies globally, competing with other major players like Intel, Samsung, and Texas Instruments. The company operates manufacturing facilities and research and development centers around the world, including Europe, Asia, and the Americas.

 

L7805CV Datasheet PDF

Download  L7805CV Datasheet PDF here>>

 

Conclusion

In the ever-evolving landscape of electronics, the L7805CV voltage regulator IC remains a steadfast ally, empowering designers and enthusiasts with a dependable solution for voltage regulation. Its prowess in providing a fixed 5-volt output, coupled with an array of protective features, underscores its indispensability in modern electronic circuits. As innovation paves the way for new possibilities, the enduring legacy of the L7805CV persists, cementing its status as an enduring icon in the realm of voltage regulation.